Strategic interventions at policy level and inter-institutional-linkages for sustainable urban passenger transportation systems in India

Abstract

Urban areas and metros are growing at a much higher rate than the rural areas. Urban areas playa significant role in the development of the nation by contributing 60 pct. of the national income with only 27.78 pct. of the population. Urban Transport is the most crucial(infrastructure) element in shaping urban development and living. The supply of transport is heterogeneous with a number of interacting and competing modes while the demand for it is derived from the overall pattern of urban activity. Urban Transport has a significant impact on the environment, land use, and land development patterns. In India, multiple institutions are responsible for urban transport and it is governed by multiple policies/Acts/legislations. While· bus is the major mode of urban transport, local/suburban trains (Railway), Taxies/Autos and personalized transport makeup the rest. Lack of proper public transport has resulted in the increase of personal vehicles, causing problems of congestion, pollution and loss of productive time on travel delays. Study of urban transport systems across the world has revealed that well coordinated institutions with dedicated funding sources and proper planning ensure well functioning urban public transport systems, keeping the cities livable and productive. Urban transport has to be a public good and be funded through public resources. Indian case studies have revealed a good beginning made in this direction but absence of institutional arrangements for planning at local level, lack of coordination among various institutions and departments, lack of dedicated funding, lack of inter modal coordination, lack of patronage for new rail based systems are also glaring. The study has revealed the need for well functioning urban transport in our cities, which could be achieved only through a comprehensive policy, which includes among others the following: A Multi Modal Public Transportation System with a well functioning rail based system and Bus systems are the best suited for sustainable urban transport in Indian conditions. Plan for Urban Public Transport at an early stage of city's growth, earmark and acquire land for right of way and terminals. Make suitable policy changes. Create institutions at National and local level with required technical knowledge and skills. Create an institution at local level for planning and coordination and implementation. Ensure coordination and integration among various modes of public transport organizations and institutions. Create dedicated funding for capital investments and generate separate fund sources to meet operational losses and depreciation. Integrate land use policies with urban transport development.