Comparative study of education sector in Jharkhand, Haryana and Kerala from 2000 to 2020: and Analysis of Edtech scenario in India and China

Abstract

In India, education comes under the concurrent list, and state and centre share the responsibility of educational development within a state/UT. The education system in India has a pyramidal structure: pre-primary level, elementary education, secondary education, and higher education. The education policy has evolved through periodic governmental interventions: Radhakrishna committee (1948-49), Kothari commission l1964-66), National Education Policies (1968, 1985, 2020). To accomplish the SDG-Goal 4 [Education for allensures equitable, inclusive, and quality education along with the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities for all by 2030], India has included my provisions in the law, and implemented several schemes in collaboration with the state governments. The country has developed socio-economically as well since its inception. Many states were formed with t ime, and thus the educational status changed for them. Owing to the diverse disparity in terms of economic, social, and political status of the states, the parallel development of education has evolved. The central government has implemented pan-India schemes such as Sarva Shikha Abhiyaan (SSA, 2000-01), RTE Act 2009, Rashtriya Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA, 2013), Samghara Shikha, Saakshar Bharat, etc. Due to disparities amongst the states, it becomes essential to understand the factors that helped several states to stand out in implementation of education excellence in the states, while it is essential to analyse what went wrong for under-developed states. We have considered the comparative analysis of implementation of the education schemes in Jharkhand, Haryana and Kerala. We have also considered the comparative analysis of ed-tech architecture and regulations, drawing parallels between China and India to understand what improvements are required in India to deliver inclusive education effectively. Following sections broadly present the implementation status of RTE 2009 regulations in abovementioned states.